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11. Lithosphere consists of [NDA 2019-II]
(a) upper and lower mantle.
(b) crust and core.
(c) crust and uppermost solid mantle.
(d) mantle and core.
11. (c) The lithosphere is Earth’s outermost layer, composed of rocks in the crust and upper mantle. The rigid lithosphere sits on top of the asthenosphere, layers of the mantle in which rocks are hot and deformable.
12. Chalk and marble are different forms of [NDA 2020-I]
(a) Calcium hydrogen carbonate
(b) Calcium carbonate
(c) Calcium acetate
(d) Sodium carbonate
12. (b) Chalk and marbles are different forms of Calcium carbonate. Chemical formula of both Marble and Chalk is CaCO3. Marble is metamorphosed limestone; Chalk is also a form of limestone consists of soft, porous rocks.
13. Dry land farming in India is largely confined to areas with rainfall less than [NDA 2020-I]
(a) 100 cm
(b) 85 cm
(c) 80 cm
(d) 75 cm
13. (d) In India, the dryland farming is largely confined to the regions having annual rainfall less than 75 cm. Theseregions grow hardy and drought resistant crops such as ragi, bajra, moong, gram and guar (fodder crops) and practise various measures of soil moisture conservation and rain water harvesting.
Taking a maximum number of tests helps you to keep up your question-solving abilities. You will get an overall idea about the type of questions, approximate time needed for solving different types of questions, etc., which makes you fully prepared and confident to face the final exam. You will also know your strong and weak areas by solving more and more question papers. These tests will benefit you in building a positive attitude and combating nervousness, which will ultimately help you get an “Yes, I can do it” outlook.
(a) 10 per cent or more
(b) 20 per cent or more
(c) 25 per cent or more
(d) 30 per cent or more
14. (d) Meteorological drought is classified based on rainfall deficiency w.r.t. long term average - 25% or less is normal, 26-50% is moderate and more than 50% is severe. Agricultural drought is identified by 4 consecutive weeks of meteorological drought, weekly rainfall is 50 mm from 15/5/ to 15/10, 6 such consecutive weeks rest of the year and crop planted is 80% in kharif season.
In India, around 68% of the country is prone to drought in varying degrees. 35% which receives rainfall between 750 mm and 1125 mm is considered drought prone while 33% receiving less than 750 mm is chronically drought prone.
15. Which one of the following is NOT a current of Pacific Ocean? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) Oyashio current
(b) Alaska current
(c) Agulhas current
(d) California current
15. (c) The Agulhas Current is current of the south western Indian Ocean. It flows down the east coast of Africa from 27°S to 40°S.
Pacific Ocean Currents includes various cold and warm current which moves clockwise circulation in Northen Pacific Ocean and Anticlockwise circulation in South
Pacific Ocean thereby influencing the climatic pattern in the coastal regions. The Pacific Ocean currents includes;
• North Equatorial Current (Warm)
• South Equatorial Current (Warm)
• Counter Equatorial Current (Warm)
• Kuroshio System (Warm)
• North Pacific Drift (Warm)
• Oyashio Current (Cold)
• California Current (Cold)
• Peruvian or Humboldt Current (Cold)
• East Australia Current (Warm)
• Alaska Current
16. Which one of the following is the natural vegetation of South east China? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) Subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest
(b) Tropical broadleaf evergreen forest
(c) Tropical deciduous forest
(d) Temperate evergreen forest
16. (a) China covers a large spectrum of vegetation types, ranging from tropical rain forests and subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests, through temperate
deciduous broadleaf forests to boreal forests, and temperate and cold steppes and deserts.
17. Which one of the following is a cold local wind? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) Santa Ana
(b) Chinook
(c) Mistral
(d) Loo
17. (c) Mistral is a cold wind blows in Rhone valley of France. Santa Anas are dry, warm (often hot) winds that blow westward through Southern California toward the coast.
They're usually seasonal, and typically occur between October and March and peak in December. Chinook winds - also known as Foehn winds in other parts of the world - are a type of warm, dry wind that occur on the downward slope of a mountain when warm air has lost its moisture.
The Loo is a strong, dusty, gusty, hot and dry summer wind from the west which blows over the western Indo�Gangetic Plain region of North India and Pakistan. It is especially strong in the months of May and June.
18. Which one of the following is a major environmental issue in easterm Canada? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) Acid precipitation
(b) Groundwater depletion
(c) Land degradation
(d) Desertification
18. (a) A large amount of the Canadian population lives in urban areas and cities are notorious for their poor air quality. Environment Canada has singled out air pollution as a major concern as it affects wildlife, vegetation, soil and water. The government agency has said air pollution from urban areas causes acid rain and contributes to climate change.
19. Which one of the following mountains lies in between Caspian Sea and Black Sea ? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) Caucasus
(b) Carpathians
(c) Apennine
(d) Elburz
19. (a) The mountain range that lies between the Black and Caspian Seas is called the Caucasus Mountain Range, or just the Caucasus Mountains. The great historic barrier of the Caucasus Mountains rises up across the wide isthmus separating the Black and Caspian seas in the region where Europe and Asia converge. Trending generally from northwest to southeast, the mountains consist of two ranges-the Greater Caucasus (Russian: Bolshoy Kavkaz) in the north and the Lesser Caucasus (Maly Kavkaz) in the south. Mount Elbrus in the Greater Caucasus range, at 18,510 feet (5,642 metres), is the highest peak.
20. Which of the following statements with regard to Biosphere Reserve is/are correct? [NDA 2020-I]
1. The idea of Biosphere Reserve was initiated by UNESCO in 1973-74
2. There are 18 designated Biosphere Reserves in India
3. All Biosphere Reserves in India have been included in world network of Biosphere Reserves of UNESCO
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
20. (b) Biosphere reserves are sites established by countries and recognized under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme to promote sustainable development based on local community efforts and sound science.
Presently, there are 18 notified biosphere reserves in India where as there are total 11 biosphere reserves of India which have been recognized internationally under Man and Biosphere Reserve program. The programme of Biosphere Reserve was initiated by UNESCO in 1971.
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